Please enjoy this excerpt from Manage Your Mission – Living wisely and abundantly for today and eternity. This book will help craft your life mission, establish its priorities, and succeed in each area: Faith – Family – Fitness – Field – Friends – Fun – Finances.
Apolo-what?! For what are we apologizing? Nothing, actually. The Greek term means to speak in defense of something, so in this case, we are defending Christianity. It is a subset of evangelism and an important tool to strengthen our faith. It is a biblical concept, as shown in this classic passage.
1 Peter 3:15–16 but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect, having a good conscience, so that, when you are slandered, those who revile your good behavior in Christ may be put to shame.
Peter reminds us that while we will likely be slandered for our views, we should still be prepared to answer those questioning why we believe. The passage doesn’t mandate that you knock on doors to share the gospel, but what if someone approached you and asked why you are a Christian? Will you mumble something about all paths to God being pretty much the same, why you think people should be good, or some other nonsense? Or will you concisely explain why you believe Jesus died for your sins and rose again and why you trust him for your salvation?
Every worldview, including Christianity, must explain how we got here, our problem, and the solution. Christianity offers the best answers to those questions because it reveals the one true God. And who would make up Christianity? It has the highest standard of sexual ethics, emphasizes serving others, commands humility, includes the true but hard-to-explain Trinity, says that women and slaves are equal in value to free men in God’s eyes, teaches that everyone is a sinner and no amount of good deeds can work our way back to God, often leads to persecution, expects you to give generously, and more.
Apologetics can help you navigate these conversations. Countless people, including churchgoers, have been saturated with completely false views about Christianity. They think we believe without evidence or, worse yet, despite contrary evidence. But that isn’t the case.
The church has answered tough questions with clarity and depth for 2,000 years. If you want answers, then seek, and you will find. The Bible even raises some of the tough questions itself. But remember that while the Bible may not tell you everything you want to know about God, it does tell you everything you need to know about him. Deuteronomy 29:29 says, “The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.”
People often have legitimate questions about suffering or all sorts of big-picture questions about God, such as why he did or didn’t do this or that. Sometimes the questions are natural and from reasonable motives, but they are often smokescreens. Never forget Romans 1. People know God exists, but they suppress the truth in unrighteousness. I know because I used to be one of them.
Romans 1:18–21 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.
So, our worldview explains the atheist worldview. But their worldview can’t rationally explain ours. In their take, the universe came into being without a cause, life spontaneously formed, and Darwinian evolution caused all the changes in life forms. It can be their only explanation for why we trust in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. So why do they get so angry about what their beloved Darwinian evolution produced?
While sharing those arguments with atheists is a friendly and charitable exercise, you should never forget that passage. It stopped me in my tracks the first time I read through the Bible, as it explains how, as Christians, we can know that deep down, everyone realizes there is a God. Some suppress that truth. Many people want to rationalize that they are good, but their comparison point is sinful humanity rather than the perfect holiness of God. I’ve studied history, done prison ministry and pregnancy center ministry, overseen hundreds of fraud investigations, raised children, and, most of all, looked in the mirror, so I know that of which I speak when I say that humans are sinful at their core.
And remember that many atheists will concede that even if you proved that God exists according to their criteria, they still wouldn’t worship him. Why? Because they sit in judgment of him and think they have superior morality. There is a reason Jesus said not to give dogs what is holy and not to throw your pearls before pigs (Matthew 7:6), as there comes the point when it isn’t fruitful to share the Good News with those so hostile to it. Just pray for them that God might open their eyes to his truth and send others to them to whom they will listen.
A few skeptical Kairos prison ministry participants once asked some “But why did God ______” questions. They were looking for reasons not to believe. My strategy in situations like that is to give a quick answer and point to greater truths. One asked, “What if Adam hadn’t sinned?” I could tell from the conversation that it wasn’t coming from faith or genuine concern but from skepticism. You could waste a lot of time on hypotheticals like that, so I smiled and said, “If Adam hadn’t sinned and ruined everything, then I would have.” They got the joke, and it gave me a chance to segue to the gospel and reasons why they should repent and believe.
Consider the book of Job, the iconic writing about extreme suffering and possible sources. Job wanted answers from God, but he quickly got quiet when God showed up and questioned him. He didn’t get the answers he wanted, just like we often don’t get the answers we want. It is important to acknowledge that to people without apology.
Job 38:1–7 Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind and said: “Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Dress for action like a man; I will question you, and you make it known to me. “Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell me if you have understanding. Who determined its measurements—surely you know! Or who stretched the line upon it? On what were its bases sunk, or who laid its cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
And it goes on from there. As I like to say, the end of the Book of Job is in the Bible for a reason: We don’t get to know everything. Job was more devout than any of us, but he didn’t get answers (at least at that time). But the rest of the Bible is also there for a reason: God reveals countless profound things about himself that we need to know, including his remarkably gracious terms for saving our wretched souls. We can’t learn everything about God, but we can know a lot. So, point people to what we know and don’t get caught up in what we may never know (at least not in this life). God gave us 31,173 verses of things he wants us to know about him. What if we focus on those before speculating on things he didn’t cover?
I also like this passage when Jesus responds to Peter’s question about what will happen to the Apostle John. It reminds me that when there are things I don’t or can’t know, or if I’m too focused on what other people are doing, I should just follow Jesus:
John 21:22 Jesus said to him, “If it is my will that he remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me!”
And this is a classic. People forget that our default destination is Hell. They think the default is Heaven and that you only go to Hell if you are “really” bad.
Romans 9:18–20 So then he has mercy on whomever he wills, and he hardens whomever he wills. You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who can resist his will?” But who are you, O man, to answer back to God? Will what is molded say to its molder, “Why have you made me like this?”
We can’t fully comprehend his greatness.
Romans 11:33 Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!
Instead of apologizing for God when bad things happen, as some Progressive Christians do when pretending that God isn’t completely sovereign, we should switch the narrative. When people ask, “Where was God?” include something like this: God is where he has always been: Ready and willing to forgive repentant sinners. He is also still withholding his wrath from those who deserve it right now: people who have killed their own children, who have sex out of wedlock with impunity, who mock his created order with every sort of perversion — including pretending they are a different gender, who are greedy, who are unkind, who misuse his name, who are liars, and on and on —namely, everyone, including me. So repent now and accept his gracious forgiveness.
God is not soft on evil. The crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth was simultaneously the greatest act of evil ever (fallen man killing sinless God in the flesh) and the greatest act of good (saving those who couldn’t save themselves).
That said, here are some instrumental arguments to make when defending the truth of Christianity and the existence of God. Again, you don’t need to chase every statement an atheist throws at you. Still, it is charitable and helpful to confidently and winsomely share the basics: that Jesus lived, died, and rose again, the confidence we can have in the Bible, and the existence of God. My main goal is to give them enough reasons to read the Bible for themselves and let God do what he wants.
A simple and unique way to help reset skeptics is to use the “minimal facts” approach — a set of persuasive facts that nearly 100% of historical scholars agree with regardless of their religious views. These scholars may not believe that Jesus rose from the dead, but they agree with these facts.
- Jesus lived and was killed on a Roman cross.
- Jesus’ disciples believed he appeared to them.
- Jesus’ brother, James, went from a pre-crucifixion skeptic to a post-crucifixion church leader.
- The Apostle Paul believed Jesus appeared to him, and he wrote most of the books attributed to him, including Romans, I & II Corinthians, Philemon, and others.
In addition, 75% of the same scholars agree that the tomb was empty after Jesus was buried there.
The minimal facts approach is a simple and effective way to defend the foundation of Christianity, namely that Jesus rose from the dead. When the Apostle Paul summed up the gospel in brief, he said:
1 Corinthians 15:3–5 For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.
This truth is so crucial to the gospel that Paul says, “If for this life only we have hoped in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied” (1 Corinthians 15:19). The resurrection is that important. And since the resurrection is true, the other claims of Christianity fall into place quickly.
So if you are familiar with the minimal facts, you can briefly defend this truth and encourage people to read the Bible for themselves. Search for Gary Habermas or Mike Licona for books and articles on the minimal facts, or my favorite apologetics blogger, WinteryKnight.com.
Other important data points include how the Gospels portray women as the first to discover that the tomb was empty. If the apostles were making all this up, there is no way they would have had women discover the risen Lord in that culture. They weren’t even allowed to testify in court. That adds to the authenticity of the accounts. It wasn’t like they were thinking 2,000 years ahead when this would make an excellent argument for the truth of the resurrection.
I submit that the physical resurrection of Jesus best accounts for the minimal facts. The other theories, such as that the early Christians had a mass hallucination, that Jesus didn’t die on the cross, or that they stole the body, have massive holes. And if Jesus rose from the dead, that is evidence that he is divine and authoritative.
To the atheists who insist that we have no evidence for God, you can point out that in addition to the evidence of the minimal facts, we have whole lines of solid reasoning as to why we can be confident that God exists. You can find many books, articles, and videos on any of these.
- The Cosmological or First Cause Argument is that the universe’s origin implies God’s existence. If there were ever a time when there was nothing, including no God, there would still be nothing. Everything that comes into being has a cause, so there must have been an eternally existent being that was the first cause. Atheists often accuse Christians of having blind faith, but biblical faith is faith in evidence. To think that something came from nothing — especially when the something is our universe — exhibits blind faith because nothing supports such a notion.
- The Teleological or Fine-tuning Argument is that the fine-tuning of the universe for intelligent life points to a designer of the cosmos. Many skeptics concede that the universe’s exquisite design, from the stars down to our DNA, makes it appear to have been designed. However, the more you learn about this complexity, the less likely you’ll believe something came from nothing and then randomly mutated into what we see today.
- The Moral Argument is that God is the best explanation for objective moral values.
Atheists rarely go three sentences without making moral claims. Yet, there is no philosophical grounding for morality if we are just molecules in motion in a godless universe. How can random chemical reactions create a non-physical thing like morality? Nearly everyone agrees there is evil in the world, but without a universal lawgiver, it would be a free-for-all of personal preferences. And those who deny the existence of evil are unlikely to persuade many people, and they will constantly contradict themselves by making moral claims.
- There is a saying that archeology is the Bible’s best friend, as it has continually proved the Bible to be right on many things that the experts initially insisted were wrong.
There are more, but you get the idea. Share these truths in love.
Some arguments against Christianity can be easy to address. The sound bite that the Bible has changed so much over the years is popular but wrong. Even atheist textual critics like Bart Ehrman concede that we know what the originals said. The Dead Sea Scrolls were buried before Jesus’ time on earth and discovered in the mid-20th century, yet they had no significant changes. That doesn’t prove that what it says is true (we have other evidence for that), but it does mean it didn’t undergo numerous politically motivated changes. Thousands of New Testament manuscripts have been discovered from different centuries in different countries and are easy to harmonize. The differences are usually minor copyist errors that don’t change the meaning of the texts.
Also, learn how to blow away smokescreens. For example, some people criticize Christianity by bringing up the Crusades. But there are problems with their reasoning. You don’t judge an ideology by those who violate its tenets, most people don’t know all the factors that went into the Crusades, and you do not need to apologize for something that (A) you didn’t do and (B) happened 1,000 years ago. Furthermore, whether or not some people claiming the name of Christ did something hypocritical does not disprove the resurrection. Just shift the topic back to our need for forgiveness and the truth of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. You can also point out that Islam started, spread, and continues with violence.
1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 says, “Do not despise prophecies, but test everything; hold fast what is good.” So, it is fine to question things. But many people are looking for easy excuses to ignore God. When they offer their objections to Christianity, such as the problem of evil, ask how their worldview adequately addresses it. I doubt they’ll have a coherent answer. If people have legitimate doubts, reaffirm your love for them and thank them for asking questions. Don’t make relationships contingent on their conversion. And never say, “Just believe.” People have done that out of pride (not wanting to admit they didn’t know) or laziness (not wanting to do the hard work to be able to answer difficult questions), but it isn’t persuasive or productive.
Don’t be persuaded by the religion vs. science false dichotomy. They are not in conflict. You can’t use science to prove that you should only trust science, as that would be circular reasoning. And science deals with material things, whereas Christianity deals with material and immaterial things. You couldn’t do science if God didn’t create an orderly universe. Even leading atheistic scientists, such as Richard Dawkins, concede that the universe appears to be designed. Stephen Meyer has some terrific books[i] that exhaustively explain the flaws in Darwinian evolution, the overwhelming evidence for an intelligent designer of the universe, and more. Science is the study of how God designed the universe. Every day, scientists discover more intricacies in how he did so.
I encourage you to learn some basic apologetics to strengthen your faith, enhance your ability to witness, and prepare your children for a world that is increasingly hostile to Christianity. Teaching apologetics to your children is more important than ever. They will get attacked for their faith when leaving your house — if it isn’t happening in person or online. You don’t want them hearing about common objections to the Christian faith for the first time after they are gone. Check out any books by Natasha Crain, such as Keeping Your Kids on God’s Side: 40 Conversations to Help Them Build a Lasting Faith. You’ll help your kids and yourself in the process.
Some people are strongly resistant to the gospel — at least at a point — so obey Jesus and move on. But wherever you can, try to give people enough reasons to read the Bible for themselves and offer to read it with them. The Gospel of John is a great place to start.
Apologetics is more important than ever for believers as well. Many people check the Christian box, but few have a legitimately Christian worldview. It is currently popular for people to “deconstruct” their faith. There is nothing wrong with asking tough questions, but everyone I’ve seen in deconstruction mode appeals to worldly things. For example, they didn’t find evidence that Jesus didn’t rise from the dead. They don’t like how the Bible goes against the culture. Those who have left the faith think they are free but are lost for eternity unless they return. The more carefully you study Christianity and apologetics, the more you will realize how true it is and how hard being a Christ-follower in this culture can be. But it will strengthen your faith and improve your evangelism. A couple of decades ago, being a Christian might have made you more popular or successful in business, but now it is likely to do the opposite. But you must consider everything in light of eternity. Regardless of the cost, it will be worth following Jesus and sharing his truth with others.
[i] Three of Stephen Meyers’ books: Return of the God Hypothesis: Three Scientific Discoveries That Reveal the Mind Behind the Universe, Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design, and Darwin’s Doubt: The Explosive Origin of Animal Life and the Case for Intelligent Design
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Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible